课程大纲Outline of the course |
章节 Chapters | 内容 Content | 学时 Hours |
1 | Introduction 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The basic concepts and research methods of Pharmacology; (2) Brief history of Pharmacology; (3) The Research and Development of new drugs. 2.Requirements: (1) Grasp the basic concept of Pharmacology; (2) Understand the brief history of Pharmacology; (3) Understand the process of the R & D of new drugs. | 3 |
2 | Pharmacokinetics (PK) 1.Teaching Contents: (1) Drug’ transfer across membranes and the physicochemical factors affecting; (2) In vivo process of drugs: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; (3) The meanings of drug’ time-concentration curve and time-effect curve; the concepts and meaning of some important PK parameters; 2.Requirements: Grasp the basic concepts, regulations and principles of PK, which would be groundwork in every individual chapter below. | 6 |
3 | Pharmacodynamics (PD) 1.Teaching Contents: (1) Drug’s effect and action; (2) Drug’s therapeutic effect and adverse reaction(side effect, toxic reaction, residual effect, withdrawal reaction, unusual reaction, allergy reaction); (3) Drug’s structure- effect relationship and dose- effect relationship. The concepts of therapeutic dose, threshold dose, and maximal dose. Graded response and qualitative response，and their curves. Drug’s efficacy and potency, and individual difference of effects. Drug’s safety evaluation, include therapeutic index, safety content, ED50 and LD50; (4) The mechanism of drug action, What are receptor, ligand and receptor site, The theory of the binding of drug and receptor to produce effect, Occupation theory and its amendment, Affinity and intrinsic activity, Full agonist, partial agonist and competitive agonist, as well as competitive antagonist, partial antagonist, noncompetitive antagonist. The concept of PD2 and PA2, The type of receptors, The second messenger The regulation of receptors. 2.Requirements: Grasp the basic concepts, regulations and principles of PD, which would be groundwork in every individual chapter below. | 4 |
4 | Factors that influence drug’s effects 1.Teaching Contents: (1) Drug’s aspect: dose, formation, the route of administration, the time to give, dosage regimen, and drug interaction; (2) Body’s aspect: age, sex, genetic factors, pathologic factors, psychologic factors, the change of body’s reaction to drug (allergy, tolerance and reliance etc.) 2.Requirements: Grasp the factors that could influence the drug’s effects, and the importance of rational use of drug. | 2 |
5 | Gene Therapy (self-study) | 0 |
6 | Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology 1.Teaching Contents: Transmit and receptors in Autonomic Nervous System (ANS system). The classification of ANS according to transmit. The biochemical process of ANS effects. The physical function of ANS and its receptor’ effects. The primary effects and classification of ANS drugs. 2.Requirements: Have an intimate knowledge of transmit and receptors in ANS system. Grasp the classification, location and effect of ANS receptors. Understand the molecular mechanism of transmit’s effect. | 3 |
7 | Cholinoceptor-Activating Drugs 1.Teaching Contents: (1) Muscarinic(M) and nicotinic(N) cholinoceptor-activating Drugs. (2) The basic pharmacology and clinical use of pilocarpine. 2.Requirements: Understand the effects of acetylcholine on M and N receptors. Grasp the effects and clinical use of pilocarpine on eyes. | 3 |
8 | Cholinoceptor – Blocking Drugs 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The PK, pharmacologic action, clinical use and adverse effects of atropine. (2) The characteristics of anisodamine, scopolamine. 2. Requirements: Grasp the PK, pharmacologic action, clinical use and adverse effects of atropine. Understand the characteristics of anisodamine, scopolamine. | 3 |
9 | Anticholinesterase drug and cholinesterase reactivator 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The characteristics of cholinesterase. (2) Pharmacologic action, clinical use and adverse effects of anticholinesterase drug---neostigmine. (3) The mechanism and therapeutic principle of organophosphat’s intoxication. (4) The pharmacologic action of cholinesterase reactivators--- Pralidoxime, and its co-use with atropine. 2. Requirements: (1) Understand the characteristics of cholinesterase. (2) Grasp the pharmacologic action, clinical use and adverse effects of neostigmine. (3) Grasp the mechanism and therapeutic principle of organophosphat’s intoxication. (4) Grasp the pharmacologic action of pralidoxime, and its co-use with atropine. | 3 |
10 | Adrenoceptor-Activating & Other Sympathomimetic 1.Teaching Contents: (1) Structure-function relationship and classification of Adrenoceptor -Activating drugs. (2) α-agonist A.α1, α2 agonist：The PK, PD, clinical use and adverse effects of noradrenaline. B.α1 agonist：The characteristic of phenylephrine and methoxamedrine. (3)α、βagonist：The pharmacologic action, clinical use and adverse effects of adrenaline and dopamin. The pharmacologic action and clinical use of ephedrine. (4) βagonist： A.β1、β2 agonist：The pharmacologic action, clinical use and adverse effects of isoprenaline. B.β1 agonist：The characteristic of dobutamine. 2. Requirements: (1) Understand the structure-function relationship and classification of adrenoceptor -activating drugs. (2) Grasp the clinical use and adverse effect according to the receptors. | 3 |
11 | Adrenoceptor Antagonist Drug 1.Teaching Contents: (1)αblocker: The pharmacologic action, clinical use and adverse effects of phentolamine, tolazoline, phenoxybenzamine. (2) The classification of β blocker. (3) The pharmacologic action, clinical use and adverse effects of propranolol. 2. Requirements: (1) Understand the effects of αblocker; (2) Grasp the pharmacologic action, clinical use and adverse effect ofβ blocker. | 3 |
12 | Local Anesthetics 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The pharmacologic action and mechanism of local anesthetics. (2) Local anesthesia method. (3) Commonly used local anesthetics and their toxic reaction, as well as the detoxication method. 2. Requirements: (1) Understand the pharmacologic action and mechanism of local anesthetics. (2) Grasp the treatment of toxication of local anesthetics. | 1 |
13 | Drugs that Act in the Central Nervous System (self-study) | 0 |
14 | General Anesthetics (self-study) | 0 |
15 | Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs 1.Teaching Contents: (1) What are sedative-hypnotic drugs. (2) The PK, basic pharmacology, mechanism, clinical use and adverse reaction of benzodiazepines, and why do benzodiazepines surpass barbiturates. (3) The PK, basic pharmacology, mechanism, clinical use and adverse reaction of barbiturates. (4)Other: the characteristic of chloral hydrate. 2. Requirements: (1) Grasp the basic pharmacology, clinical use and adverse reaction of benzodiazepines. (2) Know the basic pharmacology and adverse reaction of barbiturate. (3) Know the difference between two drugs above on hypnosis. | 2 |
16 | Drugs for psychiatric disorders 1.Teaching Contents: (1) Brief introduction to the mechanism of psychiatric disorders and its treatment history. (2) The pharmacologic effects, reaction mechanism, clinical use and adverse effects of chlorderazin. (3) Other: phenothiazine, thioxanthene, butyrophenone (4) The pharmacologic effects, clinical use and adverse effects of antidepressants --- mipramine. (5) The characteristic of antimanic drugs: lithium carbonate. 2. Requirements: (1) Grasp the basic pharmacology, clinical use and adverse reaction of chlorderazin. (2) Understand the relationship between Dopamine receptors and drugs’ effects. (3) Know the effects of mipramine to depression, and lithium carbonate to mania. | 3 |
17 | Antiseizure Drugs 1.Teaching Contents: (1) Seizure and its typing. (2) The pharmacologic effects, mechanism, clinical use and adverse effects of phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, valproate sodium、diazepam, ethosuximide. (3) The principle of the antiseizure drug therapy. (4) The pharmacologic effects, clinical use and adverse effects of magnesium sulfate. 2. Requirements: Grasp the clinical use of phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, valproate sodium、diazepam, ethosuximide and magnesium sulfate. | 2 |
18 | Drugs for the Treatment of Parkinsonism & Other Movement Disorders 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The pathogenesis of Pharkinsonism and the classification of drugs for the treatment. (2) The PK, pharmacologic effects, mechanism, clinical use and adverse effects of levodopa (L-DA). The co-use of L-DA and carbidopa. (3) The pharmacologic effects and clinical use of adamantanamine, Bromocriptine, trihexyphenidyl. 2. Requirements: (1) Grasp the pharmacologic effects, clinical use and adverse effects of L-DA. (2) Know the effects and use of trihexyphenidyl. | 1 |
19 | Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Nonopioid Analgesics, Antirheumatic Drugs, & Drug Used in Gout 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The basic pharmacology and mechanism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammary drugs (NSAID). (2) The pharmacologic effects, clinical use and adverse effects of aspirin, acetaminophen, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen. (3) The pharmacologic effects and adverse effects of other NSAID. 2. Requirements: Grasp the basic pharmacology and common adverse effects of NSAID, and the pharmacologic effects, clinical use and adverse effects of aspirin. To be familiar with the characteristic of acetaminophen, phenylbutazone, and ibuprofen. | 3 |
20 | Opioid Analgesics & Drugs of abuse 1.Teaching Contents: (1) Pain and its sense to human. The opioid analgesics and opiate receptor. (2) The pharmacologic effects, mechanism, clinical use, and adverse effects of morphine, as well as its abuse, addiction and withdrawal. (3) The characteristic of pethidine , naloxone and pentazocine. (4) The analgesia therapy of cancer. 2. Requirements: (1) Grasp the basic pharmacology, clinical use and adverse effect of morphine and pethidine, as well as difference between them. (2) To be familiar with the addiction and withdrawal of this kind drugs. (3) Know other analgesia drugs and the opiate receptor- blocker--- naloxone. | 3 |
21 | Calcium Channel- Blocking Drugs 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The type of calcium channel, and classification calcium channel- blocking drugs (Ca- blocker). (2) The basic pharmacology and clinical use of calcium channel- blocking drugs. (3) The characteristic of common- used Ca- blocker--- verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem. 2. Requirements: Know the characteristic of calcium channel. Grasp the classification, pharmacologic effects and clinical use of common- used Ca- blocker. | 1 |
22 | Drugs Used in Angina Pectoris 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The relationship of the angina pectoris’s onset and the balance of oxygen demand and supply. The mechanism of drugs used in angina pectoris. (2) The basic pharmacology, mechanism, clinical use and adverse effects of nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, propranolol and nifedipine. 2. Requirements: Know the pathogenesis of angina pectoris. Grasp the basic pharmacology, clinical use and adverse reactions of the nitrates, β-blocker and calcium channel blocking drug. | 2 |
23 | Antihypertensive Agents 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The pathophysiology and etiopathogenisis of hypertension, and the classification of antihypertensive agents. (2) The action mechanism, basic pharmacology, clinical use and adverse reaction of propanolol, hydrochlorothiazide, nifedipine, and captopril. (3) The main pharmacologic and adverse effects of clonidine, methyldopa, prazosin, hydrazine. (4) The principle of antihypertensive drug therapy, include the choice drug to certain types of hypertension, the drug combination, drug-interactions and individualization of drug dose. 2. Requirements: Grasp the classification of antihypertensive drugs. Grasp the basic pharmacology, clinical use and adverse reaction of propanolol, hydrochlorothiazide, nifedipine, and captopril. To be familiar of the therapeutic and adverse effects, clinical use of clonidine, methyldopa, prazosin, hydrazine. Grasp the rational use of antihypertensive drugs. | 3 |
24 | Basic Pharmacology of Drugs Used in Heart Failure 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The pathophysiology and etiopathogenisis of chronic heart failure. (2) The basic pharmacology, mechanism, clinical use and PK of digoxin, as well as its adverse effects, toxication and intoxication. (3) Common used vasodilator and therapy. (4) The basic pharmacology and clinical use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) 2. Requirements: Grasp digoxin’s pharmacology, clinical use, adverse effects and intoxication. To be familiar of the PK of digoxin. Know the basic pharmacology and clinical use of vasodilator and ACEI in the treatment of chronic heart failure. | 3 |
25 | Agents used in Cardiac Arrhythmias 1.Teaching Contents: (1) A brief introduction of the electrophysiology of cardiac arrhythmias. (2) The classification of agents used in cardiac arrhythmias. (3) The basic pharmacology, clinical use and adverse effects of quinidine、lidocaine, propafenone, Propranolol, amiodarone and verapamil. (4) The basic pharmacology, clinical use and main adverse effects of procainamide, phenytoin sodium and mexiletine. (5) The proarrhythmia effects of agents used in cardiac arrhythmias. (6) The choice drug to various of cardiac arrhythmias. 2. Requirements: Know the basic electrophysiologic effects of agents used in cardiac arrhythmias. Grasp the classification of antiarrhythmias drugs and the basic pharmacology and clinical use of typical drugs in every class. | 3 |
26 | Agents Used in Hyperlipidemia (self-study) | 0 |
27 | Diuretics 1.Teaching Contents: (1) Review the physiology of uropoiesis. (2) The basic pharmacology, mechanism, clinical use and adverse effects of furosemide, ethacrynic acid, hydrochlorothiazide, spironolactone, triamterene. (3) The effects and usage of mannitol. 2. Requirements: Know the classification of diuretics. Grasp the basic pharmacology, mechanism, clinical use and adverse effects of furosemide, ethacrynic acid, hydrochlorothiazide, spironolactone, triamterene. To be familiar with the effects and usage of mannitol. | 3 |
28 | Drugs for digestive Disorders 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The classification of drugs for peptic ulcers, and the main pharmacologic effects, clinical use and adverse effects of typical drugs. (2) The mechanism and usage of various kinds of purgation and antidiarrhoeal drugs. 2. Requirements: Grasp the classification, pharmacology, usage and adverse effects of drugs for pepticulce. Know the role of drugs for helicobacter pylori in therapy of digestive ulcers. Know the mechanism and clinical use of purgation and antidiarrhoeal drugs. | 3 |
29 | Drugs for respiratory Disorders 1.Teaching Contents: (1) Drugs used in asthma: the pharmacology, clinical use and main adverse effects of sympathomimetic amines, aminophylline, adrenal cortical hormone, Sodium Cromoglicate. (2) The main effects and use of codaincodeine, pentoxyverine, ammonium chloride, acetylcysteine. 2. Requirements: Grasp common used drugs for asthma, include the classification, basic pharmacology, and clinical use. Know the pharmacology and clinical use of antitussive and expectorant. | 3 |
30 | Drugs Acting on the Uterine Smooth Muscle 1.Teaching Contents: The basic pharmacology, clinical use and adverse effects of oxytocin and ergometrine. 2. Requirements: Grasp the difference of oxytocin and ergometrine in their pharmacology and clinical use. | 1.5 |
31 | Hypothalamic & Pituitary hormones (self-study) | 0 |
32 | Adrenocorticosteroids & Anrenocortical Antagonists 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The classification and structure-function relationship of corticoids. (2) The physical and pharmacological effects, mechanism, clinical use, PK, main adverse effects and directions of therapy of glucocorticoid. 2. Requirements: Grasp the physical and pharmacological effects, clinical use, PK, main adverse effects of glucocorticoid. | 3 |
33 | Thyroid & Antithyroid Drugs 1.Teaching Contents: (1) Review the synthesis, storage and release of thyroid. (2) The basic pharmacology and clinical use of thyroid. (3) The mechanism, pharmacological effects, clinical use and main adverse effects of thiourea homologues, iodine and iodide, radioiodine. 2. Requirements: To be familiar of the clinical use of thyroid. Grasp the mechanism, clinical use and main adverse effects of antithyroid drugs. | 3 |
34 | Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The dosage, PK, pharmacological effects, mechanism, clinical use and adverse effects of insulin. (2) The pharmacological effects, mechanism, clinical use and adverse effects of sulfonylurea. (3) The pharmacological effects, mechanism, clinical use and adverse effects of biguanides. 2. Requirements: Grasp the mechanism, effects, usage and main adverse effects of insulin, and oral antidiabetic drug. | 3 |
35 | The Gonadal Hormones & Inhibitors (self-study) | 0 |
36 | Agents that Affect Bone Mineral Homeostasi (self-study) | 0 |
37 | Histamine & antihistamine drugs 1.Teaching Contents: (1) The classification and effects of histamine receptors. (2) The pharmacological effects, clinical use and main adverse effects of H1、H2 blockers. 2. Requirements: Know the classification and effects of histamine receptors. Grasp the pharmacological effects, clinical use and main adverse effects of H1、H2 blockers. | 1.5 |
38 | Serotonin Analogs & Anti-Serotonin Drugs(self-study) | 0 |
39 | Antianemic Drugs 1. Teaching Contents: (1) The pharmacological effects, PK, clinical use and adverse effects of iron. (2) The basic pharmacology and usage of folic and VitB12. (3) The clinical application of dextran. 2. Requirements: Grasp the mechanism, clinical application and adverse effects of folic, iron and Vit B12. Know the clinical use of dextran. | 1 |
40 | Drugs Used in Disorders of Coagulation 1. Teaching Contents: Anticoagulant(heparin、Dicoumarol）, fibrinolytic drug（streptokinase、urokinase、t－PA）, antiplatelet drug（aspirin）, blood coagulant（vitamin K）, and their basic pharmacology, mechanism, clinical application, as well as the prevention and cure to their main adverse effects . 2. Requirements: Grasp the mechanism, clinical use and main adverse effects of anticoagulant and blood coagulant. | 2 |
41 | Immunopharmacology (self-study) | 0 |
42 | Antimicrobial Agents 1. Teaching Contents: (1) A introduction of chemotherapy and chemotherapeutics. The relationship of chemotherapeutics, body and pathogen (pathogenic micro-organism, cancer cells). (2) The meaning of common used index to evaluate antibiotics, include antimicrobial spectrum、antibacterial activity、minimum inhibitory concentration（MIC）、minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC）、bacteriostatic、germicide、chemotherapeutic index(CI). (3) The main mechanism of antibiotics. (4) What is drug resistance and the mechanism. (5) The status quo and severity of drug resistance to human being. How to prevent drug resistance. 2. Requirements: Grasp the important concepts, terms and mechanism of antibiotics and drug resistance. | 3 |
43 | Beta-Lactam Antibiotics & Other Inhibitors of Cell wall Synthesis 1. Teaching Contents: (1) The structure difference of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. The main component and biosynthesis process of cell wall. (2) The antibiosis mechanism of β－lactam antibiotics. The function of Penicillin-Binding Protein（PBPs）. Factors that influence the antibiosis effects of β－lactam antibiotics. Drug resistance of β－lactam antibiotics. (2) Benzylpenicillin and its chemical structure, antibiosis effects, clinical application, and its adverse effects. (3) The structure and pharmacological effects of semi-synthetic penicillin, and their characteristic compared to benzylpenicillin. The clinical application of common used semi-synthetic penicillin. (4) The structure and antibiosis activity of cephalosporin. The action characteristic and clinical application of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th generation of cephalosporin. 2. Requirements: Grasp the mechanism of β－lactam antibiotics in antibiosis and drug resistance. Grasp the antibiosis effects, clinical use, adverse effects and prevention for it of benzylpenicillin. Grasp the characteristic and clinical application of common used semi-synthetic penicillin. Grasp the characteristic and clinical application of common used cephalosporin. | 3 |
44 | Aminoglycosides and Spectinomycin 1. Teaching Contents: (1) The antibiosis effects, mechanism, and adverse effects of amino glycosides. (2) The antibiosis activity and clinical use of streptomycin、gentamycin、kanamycin、tobramycin、amikacin and netilmicin. 2. Requirements: Grasp the commonness (adverse effects) of amino glycosides. Grasp the application of common used amino glycosides. | 2 |
45 | Macrolides, Clindamycin & Polypeptide Antibiotics 1. Teaching Contents: (1) The structure and antibiosis activity of macrolides. (2) The effects and application of erythromycin. (3) Other macrolide, include acetylspiramycin、mydecamycin、Meleumycin、josamycin, and their activity and applications. (4) The characteristics of new generation of macrolides, such as azithromycin, roxithromycin and clarithromycin. (5) The activity and application of clindamycin. (6) The activity and application of vancomycin. 2. Requirements: Grasp the commonness of macrolides in antibiosis activity and structure. Grasp the effects and application of erythromycin. To be familiar with the characteristic of new generation of macrolids. Know the antibiosis characteristic of clindamycin and vancomycin. | 3 |
46 | Tetracyclines & Chloramphenicol 1. Teaching Contents: (1) The antibiosis activity, clinical use and adverse effects of tetracyclines, include tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline. (2) The antibiosis effects, clinical use and adverse effects of Chloromycetin. 2. Requirements: Grasp the characteristic adverse effects of tetracyclines. To be familiar with the antibiosis spectrum of tetracyclines and Chloromycetin. | 1 |
47 | Artificial Synthetic Antibacterial Drugs 1. Teaching Contents: (1) The structure, structure-effects relationship, pharmacology and adverse effects of sulphanilamide. (2) The antibiosis mechanism and co-use of Trimethoprim. (3) The antibiosis activity, spectrum and mechanism or quinolones, the clinical use of common used quinolones.( such as norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and so on) (4) The antibiosis effects and usage of nitrofurantoin and furazolidone. 2. Requirements: Grasp the structure –effects relationship of sulphanilamide and quinolones. Grasp the antibiosis mechanism and adverse effects of sulphanilamide and quinolones. | 3 |
48 | Antimycobacterial Drugs 1. Teaching Contents: (1) The clinical use and adverse reaction of isoniazid. (2) The clinical use and adverse reaction of rifampicin. (3) The clinical use of ethambutol、pyrazinamide and aminosalicylic acid. (4) The clinical use of Dapsone. 2. Requirements: Grasp the characteristic of common used antituberculosis drugs. Know the principle of antituberculosis drug therapy. | 1.5 |
49 | Antifungal Agents 1. Teaching Contents: (1) The classification of antifungal agents. (2) The mechanism and clinical use of antifungal drugs. 2. Requirements: Grasp the clinical use of antifungal drugs. | 1.5 |
50 | Antiviral Agents 1. Teaching Contents: The classification, mechanism and clinical use of antiviral agents. 2. Requirements: Grasp the clinical use of acyclovir and ribavirin. | 1.5 |
51 | Antiparasitic Drugs 1. Teaching Contents: (1) The life history of malarial parasite. The classification of antimalarial drugs. (2) The basic pharmacology and clinical use of Chloroquine、quinine、mefloquine、artemisinin;、artemether、primaquine. (3) The life cycle of amebic protozoa. (4) The pharmacological effects, clinical use and adverse effects of Metronidazole. (5) The effects and use of Diloxanide. (6) The helminthicide effects, indication and adverse effects of Mebendazole and Albendazole. 2. Requirements: Know the life history of malaria parasites. Grasp the indication of common used antimalarial drugs. To be familiar of the adverse effects of primaquine. Know the life history of amebic protozoa. Grasp the pharmacological effects and indications of diloxanide and metronidazole. Grasp the helminthicide effects, indication and adverse effects of Mebendazole and Albendazole. | 1.5 |
52 | Cancer Chemotherapy 1. Teaching Contents: (1) According to the effects to biomacromolecule and influence to cell population proliferation kinetics, anticancer drugs could be divided into some groups, include cell cycle specific agents (CCSA) and cell cycle-nonspecific agents (CCNSA). (2) The common adverse effects of anticancer drugs. (3) The effects and indication of 5-fluorouracil（5-FU）、6-mercaptopurine（6-MP）、Methotrexate（MTX）、cytosine arabinoside（Ara-C）、Hydroxycarbamide（HU）、Cyclophosphamide（CTX）adriamycin（ADM）、Vincristine（VCR）和harringtonine. (4) The principle of drug combination in cancer chemotherapy. 2. Requirements: Grasp the classification and typical drugs of anticancer drugs. Grasp the concept of CCSA and CCNSA. Familiar with the indication and common toxic effects of common used anticancer drugs. Know the principle of drug combination in cancer chemotherapy. | 3 |
合计 Total | | 108 |
