At the end of the course, the student should be able to demonstrate the knowledge and understanding on the: Molecular components of cells, including the structures and functions of amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids; Enzymes, including the kinetics and specificity, the mechanisms of catalytic action; regulation of enzymatic activity, vitamins and cofactors of enzyme; Metabolism and regulations, including glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, glycogen metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid catabolism and lipid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism and synthesis and degradation of nucleotides; Integration of the major nutrients metabolism and regulations, and clinical significance on relative metabolic disorders; Principles of major laboratory investigations and instrumentation, analysis and interpretation of a given data, and ability to suggest experiments to support theoretical concepts and clinical diagnosis.
More detail knowledge and contents are including: Part I Molecular Components of Cells Introduction of Biochemistry
The story about evolution of organisms during the development of solar system The composition of the biochemical system: structures and functions of biomolecules, metabolism of biomolecules and regulations, and genetic information transfer.
Chemistry is the Logic of Biological Phenomena
The distinctive properties of living systems and biomolecules Review weak chemical forces.
Water: The Medium of Life
Properties of water pH of solution and buffer
Thermodynamics of Biological Systems
The basic concepts of thermodynamics The characteristics of high-energy biomolecules The complex equilibria involved in ATP hydrolysis
Amino Acids
Structure and properties of amino acids The acid-base properties of amino acids The reactions amino acids undergo The separation and analysis amino acids mixtures
proteins: primary structures
The fundamental structural patterns in proteins Basic classes of proteins Proteins structure described in terms of four levels of organization Protein’s conformation and conformational change Analysis of the primary structure of a proteins and Edman degradation
proteins techniques: isolation and purification of proteins from cells
Estimation of Protein concentration Protein Techniques: dialysis, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, electrophoresis and 2D-electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation.
Proteins: secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure
The noncovalent interactions that dictate and stabilize protein structure Role of the amino acid sequence play in protein structure The elements of secondary structure in proteins Polypeptide folding into three-dimensional protein structures Subunits interaction at the quaternary structure of protein
Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces
Carbohydrates named The structures and chemistry of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides The structures and functions of glycoproteins and proteoglycans in cells.
Lipids
The structure and chemistry of fatty acids the structure and chemistry of triacylglycerols Structure and chemistry of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids The structure and function of steroids
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
The structures of the nucleotides The structures and functions of the nucleic acids Nucleic acids hydrolysis
Part II Enzymes Enzymes—Kinetics and specificity
The characteristic features of enzymes Equations of the kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions The inhibitions of enzyme activity Ribozymes
Mechanisms of enzyme action and enzyme regulation
Factors influenced enzymatic activity Isozymes and clinical significance The General features of allosteric regulation Covalent modification of enzymes Vitamins and cofactors of enzymes
Part III Metabolism and Regulations Metabolism—An overview
The Metabolic Map Enzyme organization in metabolic pathways
Glycolysis
The essential features of glycolysis Chemical principles and features of two phases of glycolysis Metabolic fates of NADH and pyruvate produced in glycolysis
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
Steps of TCA cycle (Krebs cycle) Pyruvate decarboxylation system CO2 formation in TCA cycle Energetic consequences of TCA cycle TCA cycle provide intermediates for biosynthesis
Electron transport and Oxidative phosphorylation
Structure features of mitochondria Electron-transfer chain organization Proton graduate formation by electron-transfer The mechanism of ATP formation driven by Proton graduate
Gluconeogenesis, glucogen metabolism and Pentose phosphate pathway
The pathway of Gluconeogenesis Regulation of gluconeogenesis Glycogen and starch catabolism and Regulation of glycogen metabolism The regulation of gluconeogenesis Pentose phosphate pathway Consequence of pentose phosphate pathways
Fatty acid catabolism
Digestion and absorption of dietary fats Mobilization of fatty acids from adipose cells β-oxidation of fatty acids Formation and consequence of ketone bodies
Lipid Biosynthesis
Synthesis of fatty acids Synthesis of lipid complex Synthesis of cholesterol Lipids transfer throughout the body Synthesis of bile acids
Nitrogen Acquisition and amino acid metabolism
Metabolic pathways of organisms to live on inorganic forms of nitrogen Metabolic fate of ammonium Deamination of amino acids Urea Biosynthesis--ornithine cycle Ccatabolism of special amino acids One Carbon Units
The synthesis and degradation of nucleotides
Synthesis of purine nucleotides Degradation of purine nucleotides Synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides Degradation of pyrimidine nucleotides
Integration of the major metabolisms
The major linkages of intermediates of TCA cycle and other metabolic pathways Part IV Experiments and Laboratory Practise Experiment 1. Basic Training and Test of Protein pI
Intriducing the usage of pipettes (glass pipette and syringe pipette) and training. Centifugation techniqe and cautions of application. Intriducing biochemical experimental safeties. Measurement of the isoeclectric point (pI) of casein.
Experiment 2. Cellulose Acetate Membrane Electrophoresis of Serum proteins Electrophoresis techniqe and application Detection of Serum proteins by Cellulose Acetate Membrane Electrophoresis Clinical significance of the Detection of Serum proteins
Experiment 3. Blood Glucose Determination with o-Toludine Method The application of spectrophotometer Detection of Blood Glucose by o-Toludine Method Clinical significance of the detection of Blood Glucose
Experiment 4. Determining Activity of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with Reitman-Frankel Method Method of dection of enzyme activities Determining Activity of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with Reitman-Frankel Method Clinical significance of the detection of serum activity of ALT
Experiment 5. Detection of Triglyceride in Serum with the Colorimetric Method Determining Activity of serum TG with colorimetric method. Clinical significance of the detection of blood lipids
| 